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SMS Magdeburg
SMS ''Magdeburg'' ("His Majesty's Ship ''Magdeburg''") was a lead ship of the of light cruisers in the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy). Her class included three other ships: , , and . ''Magdeburg'' was built at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen from 1910 to August 1912, when she was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet. The ship was armed with a main battery of twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns and had a top speed of . ''Magdeburg'' was used as a torpedo test ship after her commissioning until the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, when she was brought to active service and deployed to the Baltic.
In the Baltic, ''Magdeburg'' fired the first shots of the war against the Russians on 2 August, when she shelled the port of Libau. She participated in a series of bombardments of Russian positions until late August. On the 26th, she participated in a sweep of the entrance to the Gulf of Finland; while steaming off the Estonian coast, she ran aground off the island of Odensholm and could not be freed. A pair of Russian cruisers appeared and seized the ship. Fifteen crew members were killed in the brief engagement. They recovered three intact German code books, one of which they passed to the British. The ability to decrypt German wireless signals provided the British with the ability to ambush German units on several occasions during the war, including the Battle of Jutland. The Russians partially scrapped ''Magdeburg'' while she remained grounded before completely destroying the wreck.
==Design==
(詳細はErsatz'' " and was laid down at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen in 1910 and launched on 13 May 1911, after which fitting-out work commenced. She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 20 August 1912.〔Gröner, p. 107〕 The ship was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of forward. She displaced at full combat load.〔Gröner, p. 108〕 Her propulsion system consisted of two sets of AEG-Vulcan steam turbines driving two propellers. They were designed to give , but reached in service. These were powered by sixteen coal-fired Marine-type water-tube boilers, although they were later altered to use fuel oil that was sprayed on the coal to increase its burn rate. These gave the ship a top speed of . ''Magdeburg'' carried of coal, and an additional of oil that gave her a range of approximately at . She had a crew of 18 officers and 336 enlisted men.〔Gröner, pp. 107–108〕
The ship was armed with twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns in single pedestal mounts. Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle, eight were located amidships, four on either side, and two were side by side aft.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 159〕 The guns had a maximum elevation of 30 degrees, which allowed them to engage targets out to .〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 140〕 They were supplied with 1,800 rounds of ammunition, for 150 shells per gun. She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes submerged in the hull on the broadside. She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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